Tuesday, 8 January 2013

Protecting the City of Brotherly Love

Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, is making progress at making that love safer -- at least for students who attend some of its high schools. The city is installing condom dispensers in the student health offices of 22 city schools, which cover approximately one third of the student population in the city. I applaud their decision, as providing condoms in schools has been shown to increase the proportion of young people who have safe sex - without encouraging any new teens to begin engaging in sexual activity. In other words, it's an effective and safe intervention to decrease STD and pregnancy risk among high school students, and hopefully more schools around the city, and around the nation, will follow their lead.

That said, I am forced to roll my eyes about the fact that parents can sign a form to opt-out of the program - and by doing so theoretically prevent their kids from accessing condoms in the schools. I know that such opt-out options help make condom distribution programs more palatable to school boards and administrators, but they always seem both futile and counterproductive to me. Preventing kids from easily accessing condoms isn't going to stop them from having sex. All it's going to do is make it slightly more difficult for them to do so safely. It can also, depending on how such opt-out lists are implemented, make accessing condoms slightly more difficult for everyone, since their existence means that nurses will presumably have to check whether a kid is allowed to have a condom rather than simply giving condoms to anyone who asks.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/02/protecting-the-city-of-brotherly-love.htm

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Zimbabwe: Superstar Tuku Discloses HIV Status

MUSIC superstar Oliver Mtukudzi has dismissed rumours suggesting that he is HIV positive.

Speaking in an interview aired by CNN on its African Voices programme, Tuku dismissed the reports as mere speculation.

"I am not HIV positive myself, but I have dealt with a lot of programmes on HIV and Aids.

"I have had a close encounter with Aids when I lost four of my band members, including a brother, to the pandemic in a space of two months."

Tuku, as Mtukudzi is affectionately known in music circles, made the revelations in reaction to growing speculation that he was HIV positive on account of his gaunt frame.

"My brother Robert died of Aids, so I had all the reason to try and help and give awareness to the people and fight the stigma.

"I am glad the stigma in Zimbabwe has fallen away, though not completely.

"Stigma is just an attitude. And the fact that people now talk about HIV and Aids freely shows that it has fallen away. People no longer hide it."

Tuku said he was diabetic; hence his often sickly look, adding that rumour-mongers were basing their speculation on that condition.

The 60-year-old music guru said he was the first Zimbabwean musician to be approached by the World Health Organisation in the 1980s to start Aids awareness programmes through song and dance.

"I am one of the very first artistes in Zimbabwe to be approached about HIV by WHO in the year 1987.

"Nobody knew about the disease in Zimbabwe, and I was lucky to get the material about the disease.

"I had to learn and come up with a song, which saw me going to Switzerland where I actually saw people infected and affected, so I had a better understanding of the disease than my fellow artistes because they had not seen it and I had seen that," he told Nkepile Mabuse of CNN's African Voices.

These experiences, Tuku said, had pushed him to embrace HIV as a key theme in his decades-long musical career hoping to fight stigma and raise awareness through his powerful lyrics.

Tuku's songs that address HIV and Aids-related issues include "Tapera", "Todii" and "Stay with one Woman" among others.

Last year, Mtukudzi won critical acclaim when he was appointed Unicef Goodwill Ambassador to raise Aids awareness in eastern and southern Africa.

Unicef regional director Elhadj As Sy said Tuku had demonstrated a genuine commitment to communicating strong and clear messages about the importance of child and young people's rights, including their right to live free from HIV and Aids on the occasion of the latter's Unicef ambassadorial appointment.



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Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201301080246.html

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Zimbabwe: Superstar Tuku Discloses HIV Status

MUSIC superstar Oliver Mtukudzi has dismissed rumours suggesting that he is HIV positive.

Speaking in an interview aired by CNN on its African Voices programme, Tuku dismissed the reports as mere speculation.

"I am not HIV positive myself, but I have dealt with a lot of programmes on HIV and Aids.

"I have had a close encounter with Aids when I lost four of my band members, including a brother, to the pandemic in a space of two months."

Tuku, as Mtukudzi is affectionately known in music circles, made the revelations in reaction to growing speculation that he was HIV positive on account of his gaunt frame.

"My brother Robert died of Aids, so I had all the reason to try and help and give awareness to the people and fight the stigma.

"I am glad the stigma in Zimbabwe has fallen away, though not completely.

"Stigma is just an attitude. And the fact that people now talk about HIV and Aids freely shows that it has fallen away. People no longer hide it."

Tuku said he was diabetic; hence his often sickly look, adding that rumour-mongers were basing their speculation on that condition.

The 60-year-old music guru said he was the first Zimbabwean musician to be approached by the World Health Organisation in the 1980s to start Aids awareness programmes through song and dance.

"I am one of the very first artistes in Zimbabwe to be approached about HIV by WHO in the year 1987.

"Nobody knew about the disease in Zimbabwe, and I was lucky to get the material about the disease.

"I had to learn and come up with a song, which saw me going to Switzerland where I actually saw people infected and affected, so I had a better understanding of the disease than my fellow artistes because they had not seen it and I had seen that," he told Nkepile Mabuse of CNN's African Voices.

These experiences, Tuku said, had pushed him to embrace HIV as a key theme in his decades-long musical career hoping to fight stigma and raise awareness through his powerful lyrics.

Tuku's songs that address HIV and Aids-related issues include "Tapera", "Todii" and "Stay with one Woman" among others.

Last year, Mtukudzi won critical acclaim when he was appointed Unicef Goodwill Ambassador to raise Aids awareness in eastern and southern Africa.

Unicef regional director Elhadj As Sy said Tuku had demonstrated a genuine commitment to communicating strong and clear messages about the importance of child and young people's rights, including their right to live free from HIV and Aids on the occasion of the latter's Unicef ambassadorial appointment.



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Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201301080246.html

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Bullied Teens May Suffer Lingering Trauma

Bullied Teens May Suffer Lingering Trauma

TUESDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Bullied teenagers can develop post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, according to a new study.

The findings suggest that victims of bullying may require long-term support, said the researchers from the University of Stavanger in Norway.

They looked at almost 1,000 teens, ages 14 and 15, and found that one-third of those who said they had been bullied had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, such as intrusive memories and avoidance behavior.

Those with the worst symptoms were bullying victims who also bullied others. The researchers also found that girls were more likely to have PTSD symptoms than boys.

The study was published recently in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.

The findings are "noteworthy, but nevertheless unsurprising," study author and psychologist Thormod Idsoe said in a university news release.

"Bullying is defined as long-term physical or mental violence by an individual or a group," he explained. "It's directed at a person who's not able to defend themselves at the relevant time. We know that such experiences can leave a mark on the victim."

PTSD symptoms can create major problems for students.

"Pupils who are constantly plagued by thoughts or images of painful experiences -- and who use much energy to suppress them -- will clearly have less capacity to concentrate on schoolwork," Idsoe said. "Nor is this usually easy to observe -- they often suffer in silence."

Idsoe and his colleagues hope their study increases awareness that some bullied schoolchildren may require support even after the bullying is stopped.

"In such circumstances, adult responsibility isn't confined to stopping the bullying," he said. "It also extends to following up with the victims."

-- Robert Preidt

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SOURCE: University of Stavanger, news release, Nov. 27, 2012




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Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=165687

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Monday, 7 January 2013

Protecting the City of Brotherly Love

Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, is making progress at making that love safer -- at least for students who attend some of its high schools. The city is installing condom dispensers in the student health offices of 22 city schools, which cover approximately one third of the student population in the city. I applaud their decision, as providing condoms in schools has been shown to increase the proportion of young people who have safe sex - without encouraging any new teens to begin engaging in sexual activity. In other words, it's an effective and safe intervention to decrease STD and pregnancy risk among high school students, and hopefully more schools around the city, and around the nation, will follow their lead.

That said, I am forced to roll my eyes about the fact that parents can sign a form to opt-out of the program - and by doing so theoretically prevent their kids from accessing condoms in the schools. I know that such opt-out options help make condom distribution programs more palatable to school boards and administrators, but they always seem both futile and counterproductive to me. Preventing kids from easily accessing condoms isn't going to stop them from having sex. All it's going to do is make it slightly more difficult for them to do so safely. It can also, depending on how such opt-out lists are implemented, make accessing condoms slightly more difficult for everyone, since their existence means that nurses will presumably have to check whether a kid is allowed to have a condom rather than simply giving condoms to anyone who asks.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/02/protecting-the-city-of-brotherly-love.htm

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Uganda: Women Shares First HIV Test Experience

When Carol Kasujja's boyfriend asked that they go take an HIV test, her heart almost stopped. She did not want to go. She was afraid of what she would find and what it would mean to their relationship. She shares her story.

Recently, I had a miracle happen in my life. I am in a new relationship. My boyfriend suggested that we get tested so that we are sure of our status. I was not comfortable with the idea, but I did not want to raise any suspicion by hesitating. We agreed to go to Nyango Clinic.

That morning; I awoke at 5:00am and prayed to God to be with me during the testing. When I got the call reminding me about the test, I panicked, breathing fast. I was afraid of what would happen should the results turn out positive. It felt like my life was about to end.

For some reason, there was not a moment I thought the results would be negative. Just the thought of it got my heart pounding so fast I could hear it in my ears. On our way to the clinic, as we sat in the taxi, I started thinking about all my ex-boyfriends.

I studied my skin to see any signs of HIV/ AIDS. When I turned to look at my boyfriend, he was very calm. I wondered what would become of us if it turned out that I was HIVpositive.

Just the thought of it almost drew a tear. He asked me whether I was fine because I was really quiet. He had no idea that I was regretting why I ever dated him. I could not imagine myself single again if my boyfriend found out that I was HIVpositive.

I wished for the traffic jam to delay our arrival at the clinic until the doctor had left. Unfortunately, it seemed like the shortest journey I had ever made. At the clinic, the skinny doctor looked relaxed. He showed no signs of having any other appointment. I am always quite the talker, but on that day, the HIV test had me well subdued.

When the doctor welcomed us into his office for counselling, I felt my heart jumping out of my chest. I was scared to death. He asked us so many questions about HIV; whether it was the first time we were taking the test. My boyfriend replied that he had done one four months back. I said I had also done one 12 months earlier. Of course that was a lie; it was the first time in all my life on this earth that I was taking the test.

As the doctor continued to counsel us, I calmed down. He told us that if we discovered that we were HIV-positive, we would not be the only ones living with the virus. The doctor explained that we could still have a full life by keeping fit, eating healthy and taking our medication.He also told us about ARVS and their benefits. He assured us that one can live for more than 20 years when taking them.

The testing

It was time for the HIV test. My boyfriend wished me well and kissed me on the forehead. I saw the HIV test apparatus and thought to myself: 'God why did you bring this boy into my life?'

The doctor was talking to me, but my mind was somewhere else. I started thinking of the life I lived as a student at the university. I almost called one of my ex-boyfriends to find out whether he had ever done an HIV test.

The tiny 8-10cm object in front of me was going to bring me either the best or worst news. In my heart, I continued to pray that I am spared from the AIDS virus. I wished I were once again a newborn baby with nothing to worry about.

Finally, the doctor took my blood. We had to wait for 45 minutes to get the results. When it was time up, the doctor called us to his office one at a time. I went in second.

When his door opened and he signalled me in, I felt like I was going to be killed in his office. All of a sudden, my head felt light, my eyes watery. I wanted to cry.

The doctor, probably sensing what was going on, ushered me to a seat and smiled.

He asked me: "Carol, why are you scared?" He then handed me a sheet of paper containing my results andsaid: "Congratulations you are HIV-negative."

I almost jumped. The relief came with tears that I freely let flow. I have never felt happier than I felt that day. I walked straight to my boyfriend and gave him the results. He showed me his. He too was HIV-negative. We hugged and smiled at each other.

On our way back, I confessed how afraid I had been. He told me that he had seen me panicking, but he did not want to tell me. I definitely urge people to go and get tested. There is a sense of relief in knowing your status, whatever it may be.

Armed with knowledge, you are then in a position to take the next step in caring for your health and that of others. I am going back after six months. I am now ready for a baby and marriage.



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Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201301071853.html

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Nigeria: Nigeria's Maurice Iwu, Others Record Breakthrough in HIV/Aids Treatment

As the world continued to battle with efforts aimed at finding cure to HIV/AIDS, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced another breakthrough in the treatment of the disease with the discovery of an oral botanical drug, Crofelemer.

The new drug is the second botanical, and an orally administered drug to be approved by FDA since 2006.

The latest breakthrough owes its success to a pioneering research carried out in the United States by a team of scientists including Nigeria's Professor Maurice Iwu, an acclaimed pharmacologist and tropical medicine expert.

The first botanical drug to be approved in the United States was a topical green tea extract, Veregen, in 2006. Both botanical drugs meet all US pharmaceutical requirements and can be dispensed only by prescription.

However, "Crofelemer is the first drug to be approved in the United States to treat HIV -associated diarrhea. It is derived from the latex of the South American sangre de drago tree (dragon's blood, Croton lechleri). A red, blood-resembling latex leaks from the tree when its bark is cut, and it is this substance that contains the novel polymolecular structure crofelemer, originally developed and standardized by Shaman Pharmaceuticals. Fulyzag is the second botanical drug approved by the agency. The drug's approval marks an important event in the decades-long history of crofelemer."

The latest "Healthnews," in a report entitled, "Nigeria's Maurice Iwu, others record breakthrough in HIV/AIDS treatment: Amazon tree-derived medicine cleared for usage in HIV patients with diarrhea," stated, "On New Year's Eve of 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration announced its approval of crofelemer, marking the second time a botanical, and the first time an orally administered botanical, has received drug approval from the Administration. The first botanical drug to be approved in the United States was a topical green tea extract, Veregen in 2006. Both botanical drugs meet all US pharmaceutical requirements and can be dispensed only by prescription.

"The latest breakthrough owes its success to a pioneering research carried out in the United States by a team of scientists which included Nigeria's Professor Maurice Iwu, an acclaimed pharmacologist and tropical medicine expert.



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Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201301070567.html

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Prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidities of diabetes among adults in rural Saskatchewan: the influence of farm residence and agriculture-related exposures

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Background: Although rural Canadians are reported to have higher rates of diabetes than others, little is known about the relative influence of known versus agriculture-related risk factors. The purpose of this research was to carry out a comprehensive study of prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidities of diabetes among adults in rural Saskatchewan and to determine possible differences between those living on and off farms. Methods: In 2010, we conducted a baseline mail-out survey (Saskatchewan Rural Health Study) of 11,982 households located in the province[prime]s four agricultural quadrants. In addition to self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, the questionnaire collected information from farm and small town cohorts on possible diabetes determinants including lifestyle, family history, early life factors and environmental/agricultural-related exposures. Clustering effect within households was adjusted using Generalized Estimating Equations approach. Results: Responses were obtained from 4624 (42%) households comprising 8208 males and females aged 18 years or older and 7847 self-described Caucasian participants (7708 with complete information). The overall age-standardized diabetes prevalence for the latter was 6.35% but people whose primary residence was on farms had significantly lower diabetes prevalence than those living in non-farm locations (5.11% versus 7.33% respectively; p<0.0001). Diabetes risk increased with age and affected almost 17% of those older than 65 (OR 2.57; CI[prime]s 1.63, 4.04 compared to those aged 18--45). Other known independent risk factors included family history of diabetes (OR 2.50 [CI[prime]s 1.94, 3.23] if father; OR 3.11 [CI[prime]s 2.44, 3.98] if mother), obesity (OR 2.66; CI[prime]s 1.86, 3.78), as well as lower socioeconomic status, minimal/no alcohol intake and smoking. The most original finding was that exposure to insecticides conferred an increased risk for diabetes among males (OR 1.83; CI[prime]s 1.15, 2.91). Finally, the co-morbidities with the strongest independent association with diabetes were heart disease and hypertension. Conclusions: While known diabetes risk factors are important determinants of diabetes in the agricultural zones of Saskatchewan, on-farm residence is protective and appears related to increased outdoor activities. In contrast, we have now shown for the first time that exposure to insecticides is an independent risk factor for diabetes among men in rural Canada.

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Source: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/7

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Angola: Health Department Records Decrease in HIV/Aids Deaths



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Sunday, 6 January 2013

Randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention by primary care nurses to increase walking in patients aged 60--74 years: protocol of the PACE-Lift (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation - Lift) trial

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Background: Physical activity is essential for older peoples' physical and mental health and for maintaining independence. Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes weekly, of at least moderate intensity physical activity, with activity on most days. Older people's most common physical activity is walking, light intensity if strolling, moderate if brisker. Less than 20% of United Kingdom 65--74 year olds report achieving the guidelines, despite most being able to. Effective behaviour change techniques include strategies such as goal setting, self-monitoring, building self-efficacy and relapse prevention. Primary care physical activity consultations allow individual tailoring of advice. Pedometers measure step-counts and accelerometers measure physical activity intensity. This protocol describes an innovative intervention to increase walking in older people, incorporating pedometer and accelerometer feedback within a primary care nurse physical activity consultation, using behaviour change techniques. Methods: Design: Randomised controlled trial with intervention and control (usual care) arms plus process and qualitative evaluations.Participants: 300 people aged 60--74 years registered with 3 general practices within Oxfordshire and Berkshire West primary care trusts, able to walk outside and with no restrictions to increasing their physical activity.Intervention: 3 month pedometer and accelerometer based intervention supported by practice nurse physical activity consultations. Four consultations based on behaviour change techniques, physical activity diary, pedometer average daily steps and accelerometer feedback on physical activity intensity. Individual physical activity plans based on increasing walking and other existing physical activity will be produced.Outcomes: Change in average daily steps (primary outcome) and average time spent in at least moderate intensity physical activity weekly (secondary outcome) at 3 months and 12 months, assessed by accelerometry. Other outcomes include quality of life, mood, exercise self-efficacy, injuries. Qualitative evaluations will explore reasons for trial non-participation, the intervention's acceptability to patients and nurses and factors enhancing or acting as barriers for older people in increasing their physical activity levels.DiscussionThe PACE-Lift trial will determine the feasibility and efficacy of an intervention for increasing physical activity among older primary care patients. Steps taken to minimise bias and the challenges anticipated will be discussed. Word count 341.Trial registration number: ISRCTN42122561

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Source: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/5

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Gambia: Truck Drivers Sensitised On HIV/Aids, Others

A two-day sensitisation training for long distance truck drivers on HIV & AIDs, nutrition and road safety recently ended at TANGO conference Hall, along Bertil Harding Highway.

Organised by the World Food Programme (WFP), the training was designed to remind long distance truck drivers about the existence of HIV & AIDS as they travelled for hours and days away from their families, which might engage them in risk behaviour leading to infections.

Speaking at the opening ceremony, Victoria Ginja, the WFP's country representative, said that with WFP as the leading UN system logistics agency, they work closely and hand-in-hand with truck drivers to provide vulnerable communities with food assistance during critical moments and reaching the most remote areas of the country.

"Therefore, we consider that drivers play a crucial role and are partners in the fight against hunger. In this light, I am delighted to inform you that nutrition and road safety components are included in the training to be undertaken," she stated.

She said that through partnership with North Star Alliance and other stakeholders, WFP takes it upon itself to equip truck drivers with relevant and timely information. "You are part of the logistics network," he added.

She urged participants to visit the North Star Wellness Centre in North Bank Region that provides transport workers with primary health care services including counseling and testing and other sexually transmitted infection treatment.

For his part, Ousman Badjie of the National Aids Secretariat said that research has found highest incidences of HIV & AIDS infection along corridors where there is a high turnover of truck drivers, migrant workers, commercial sex workers and local population living in proximity of roads and transport construction sites.He noted that infection rates are very high at border crossings where transport workers can be subjected to lengthy delays.

Badjie informed the gathering that long distance truck drivers often have inadequate access to health education, thus, may lack basic information about HIV and AIDs. "Assessments have regularly highlighted the need for provision of information and services relating to HIV and AIDs to migrant workers like long distance truck drivers," he added.

He further dilated on the significance of mobility and land transport, saying it facilitates services as a catalyst for socio-economic advancement. He noted that many studies have shown a correlation between the availability of transport and spread of HIV and AIDs. "This is due to the fact that when roads and bridges are built, they link low and high HIV prevalence areas such as villages and cities, domestically but also internationally," he stated.

He maintained that the road network makes it possible for different subpopulation to interact at key points such as transient centres and ferry crossing points among others.



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Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201301040923.html

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6 Not-So Obvious Newbie Training Mistakes

If you’ve just started hitting the gym more frequently, or just really getting into fitness more than ever before, it’s natural to want to feel more experienced than you are. Going to the gym is just something you do now, just like that bodybuilder who hasn’t skipped a day in four years. However, you can’t be as nonchalant as the guys that have that familiarity and muscle memory that comes with years of constant work and repetition in the gym. Just constantly be mindful of the concept of making steady, progressive gains while preventing injury and you should be one of the knowledgeable, fit guys before long. We spoke with fitness expert, speaker and certified strength and conditioning specialist Steve Ettinger about what some common but not obvious mistakes are often made by new fitness buffs.

6/ Spending too much time in the gym.

This might seem ironic, but it’s a concept you should take into account for the sake of your body, and your schedule. If you’re spending two hours a day in the gym, it’s simply too much unless, perhaps, if you’re training for some competition that requires an elite level of athleticism (in which case, you’re not a newb). “Sometimes, I’ll spend a week doing 10-minute workouts when I’m just really on point,” Ettinger says. “If you’re in the gym for two hours, chances are a lot of that is just busy work.” So when you arrive at the gym, have an idea of what you want to do and work hard, and don’t take long breaks. It’s the classic quality over quantity concept.

Stop Wasting Time in the Gym >>>

PAGE TWO: 5 More Not-So Obvious Mistakes >>>



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Source: http://www.mensfitness.com/training/pro-tips/6-not-so-obvious-newbie-training-mistakes

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Think it Through

It always infuriates me when someone sends me a press release for the latest fake herpes cure. If there was a real cure for herpes, I'd be thrilled to see it. However, there isn't, and it's heartbreaking to realize how easy it is for these companies to make money by preying on stigma and insecurity. Many people infected with genital herpes are both desperate for help and reluctant to talk about their problems with a doctor. This puts traditional suppressive therapies out of reach, and in any event, the (realistic) notion of suppressing outbreaks isn't nearly as attractive to most people as the ideal of ending them completely.

That said, what I find truly frustrating is how many people sincerely believe that if scientists had developed a herpes cure, they might be hiding it from the market... and that researchers don't care enough about the virus to bother looking for medications that can help. Neither one of these things is true. There wouldn't be any benefit to it. Not only would the person who invented a cure for herpes make a fortune, given the huge proportion of the population affected by the virus, they'd probably win the Nobel Prize.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/04/think-it-through.htm

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Fractures Take High Toll on High School Athletes

Fractures Take High Toll on High School Athletes

TUESDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Fractures account for about 10 percent of all injuries suffered by U.S. high school athletes, and can have a major physical, emotional and financial impact on the young competitors, according to a new study.

The findings highlight the need for fracture prevention programs in high school sports, the Ohio State University researchers said.

Researchers analyzed 2008-2009 and 2010-2011 data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System. Fracture rates were highest in boys' sports -- including football, ice hockey and lacrosse -- and boys suffered 79 percent of all fractures reported.

The most frequent fracture sites were the hand/finger, lower leg and wrist. About 17 percent of fractures led to surgery, a rate higher than all other injuries combined. Older athletes had lower fracture rates than younger athletes.

The researchers were surprised to find that a high proportion of fractures suffered by female lacrosse players were caused by player-to-player contact.

"Because girls' lacrosse is a noncontact sport we didn't expect to identify contact as the number-one cause of fractures in the sport," lead researcher David Swenson, an M.D./M.P.H. candidate at the Ohio State Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, said in an Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science news release.

"What we found was eye opening and highlighted the need for closer adherence to the rules of the game, as well as the potential for new rules like requiring protective equipment to keep these athletes safe on the field," he said.

The study was published in a recent issue of The American Journal of Sports Medicine.

"As we continue to see a rise in U.S. high school students playing sports, it's likely we will see a continued trend of increased injuries among these same athletes, including fractures," Swenson said.

"Unless we change our approach to the way these athletes are trained, players and their families will continue to be faced with the unpleasant reality of fractures, which include expensive surgeries, diagnostic testing and restricted sports participation," he added.

Nearly 8 million U.S. high school students participate in sports every year.

-- Robert Preidt

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SOURCE: Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, news release, November 2012




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Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=165653

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Saturday, 5 January 2013

Protecting the City of Brotherly Love

Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, is making progress at making that love safer -- at least for students who attend some of its high schools. The city is installing condom dispensers in the student health offices of 22 city schools, which cover approximately one third of the student population in the city. I applaud their decision, as providing condoms in schools has been shown to increase the proportion of young people who have safe sex - without encouraging any new teens to begin engaging in sexual activity. In other words, it's an effective and safe intervention to decrease STD and pregnancy risk among high school students, and hopefully more schools around the city, and around the nation, will follow their lead.

That said, I am forced to roll my eyes about the fact that parents can sign a form to opt-out of the program - and by doing so theoretically prevent their kids from accessing condoms in the schools. I know that such opt-out options help make condom distribution programs more palatable to school boards and administrators, but they always seem both futile and counterproductive to me. Preventing kids from easily accessing condoms isn't going to stop them from having sex. All it's going to do is make it slightly more difficult for them to do so safely. It can also, depending on how such opt-out lists are implemented, make accessing condoms slightly more difficult for everyone, since their existence means that nurses will presumably have to check whether a kid is allowed to have a condom rather than simply giving condoms to anyone who asks.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/02/protecting-the-city-of-brotherly-love.htm

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Heavy Smokers Cut Back the Most When Cigarette Taxes Rise: Study

Heavy Smokers Cut Back the Most When Cigarette Taxes Rise: Study

TUESDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Boosting cigarettes taxes may cause heavy smokers to cut back more than lighter smokers, researchers have found.

The finding is surprising because it's long been believed that heavy smokers would be most resistant to cigarette price increases, said Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, a research assistant professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

She and her team looked at data from more than 7,000 smokers who were initially asked how much they smoked and then asked the same question three years later.

"On average, everyone was smoking a little less" at the three-year follow-up, Cavazos-Rehg said in a university news release. "But when we factored in price changes from tax increases, we found that the heaviest smokers responded to price increases by cutting back the most."

At the start of the study, the typical smoker averaged 16 cigarettes a day. That fell to 14 per day after three years. During that time, the average price for a pack of cigarettes increased from $3.96 in 2001 to $4.41 in 2004. Most of that increase came from state taxes.

Heavy smokers -- with a habit of more than 40 cigarettes, or two packs a day -- would have been expected to reduce their consumption by 11 cigarettes a day even without a price hike. In states where cigarette taxes rose by at least 35 percent, however, heavy smokers reduced their consumption by an average of 14 cigarettes per day.

While the heaviest smokers cut back their cigarette consumption by an average of 35 percent in response to higher taxes, smokers with a habit of 20 cigarettes, or one pack per day, cut their consumption by only 15 percent, the investigators found.

No other factors -- such as smoke-free policies -- were as influential on smoking habits as price, according to the study published online recently in the journal Tobacco Control.

But while higher taxes may prompt smokers to cut back, it would be better if they stopped smoking altogether, Cavazos-Rehg noted.

"We don't know whether there's any health benefit if they continue to smoke, even if they are smoking less. However, if reducing helps an individual to quit eventually, then the health advantage becomes clear," she said.

While the study found an association between higher cigarette taxes and reductions in cigarettes smoked, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

-- Robert Preidt

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SOURCE: Washington University School of Medicine, news release, Nov. 29, 2012




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Physician Review Websites Rely On Few Patient Reviews

Main Category: Primary Care / General Practice
Also Included In: IT / Internet / E-mail
Article Date: 05 Jan 2013 - 0:00 PST



Millions of Americans read physician ratings on websites such as Healthgrades.com, but such ratings are based on scores from an average of only 2.4 patients, a Loyola University Medical Center study has found.

The study of 500 randomly selected urologists found that 79.6 percent of physicians were rated by at least one of the 10 free physician-review websites researchers examined. Eighty-six percent of physicians had positive ratings, with 36 percent receiving highly positive ratings. Healthgrades had the most physician ratings.

Results were published online ahead of print in the Journal of Urology.

"Consumers should be cautious when they look at these ratings," said first author Chandy Ellimoottil, MD. "Our findings suggest that consumers should take these ratings with a grain of salt."

Ellimoottil explained that because physicians typically receive so few ratings, a highly negative or highly positive score from just one or two patients could skew the physician's rating. "These sites have potential to help inform consumers," Ellimoottil said. "But the sites need more reviews to make them more reliable."

Half of Americans who go online for health information look up their providers and 40 percent use physician-review websites. But there have been few studies about such websites.

Ellimoottil, senior author Ahmer Farooq, DO and colleagues randomly selected 500 of the nation's 9,940 urologists for inclusion in the study, including 471 male and 29 female urologists from 39 states. On each website, the number of reviews per physician ranged from zero to 64, with the average 2.4.

Researchers found no statistically significant difference in the median number of reviews when gender, region and city size were compared.

Healthgrades posted reviews on 54 percent of physicians, followed in order by Vitals.com, 45 percent of physicians; Avvo.com, 39 percent; RateMDs.com, 25 percent; Drscore, 13 percent; Revolutionhealth.com, 5 percent; Kudzu.com and Healthcarereviews.com, 1 percent; and Zocdoc.com and Yelp.com, less than 1 percent.

Researchers also conducted a qualitative analysis of written comments posted on a single website, Vitals.com. Comments were rated extremely negative (such as "He needs to retire as he can barely walk"); negative; neutral; positive; or extremely positive (such as "One of the best checkups in a long time!!"). Three percent of these written comments were extremely negative, 22 percent were negative, 22 percent were neutral, 39 percent were positive and 14 percent were extremely positive.

Farooq is an instructor and Ellimoottil is a resident in the Department of Urology of Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine. Other co-authors, all in Loyola's Department of Urology, are Marcus L. Quek, MD, associate professor; Kristin Greco, MD, resident; and Alissa Hart, medical student.

Loyola University Health System

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Think it Through

It always infuriates me when someone sends me a press release for the latest fake herpes cure. If there was a real cure for herpes, I'd be thrilled to see it. However, there isn't, and it's heartbreaking to realize how easy it is for these companies to make money by preying on stigma and insecurity. Many people infected with genital herpes are both desperate for help and reluctant to talk about their problems with a doctor. This puts traditional suppressive therapies out of reach, and in any event, the (realistic) notion of suppressing outbreaks isn't nearly as attractive to most people as the ideal of ending them completely.

That said, what I find truly frustrating is how many people sincerely believe that if scientists had developed a herpes cure, they might be hiding it from the market... and that researchers don't care enough about the virus to bother looking for medications that can help. Neither one of these things is true. There wouldn't be any benefit to it. Not only would the person who invented a cure for herpes make a fortune, given the huge proportion of the population affected by the virus, they'd probably win the Nobel Prize.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/04/think-it-through.htm

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Protecting the City of Brotherly Love

Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, is making progress at making that love safer -- at least for students who attend some of its high schools. The city is installing condom dispensers in the student health offices of 22 city schools, which cover approximately one third of the student population in the city. I applaud their decision, as providing condoms in schools has been shown to increase the proportion of young people who have safe sex - without encouraging any new teens to begin engaging in sexual activity. In other words, it's an effective and safe intervention to decrease STD and pregnancy risk among high school students, and hopefully more schools around the city, and around the nation, will follow their lead.

That said, I am forced to roll my eyes about the fact that parents can sign a form to opt-out of the program - and by doing so theoretically prevent their kids from accessing condoms in the schools. I know that such opt-out options help make condom distribution programs more palatable to school boards and administrators, but they always seem both futile and counterproductive to me. Preventing kids from easily accessing condoms isn't going to stop them from having sex. All it's going to do is make it slightly more difficult for them to do so safely. It can also, depending on how such opt-out lists are implemented, make accessing condoms slightly more difficult for everyone, since their existence means that nurses will presumably have to check whether a kid is allowed to have a condom rather than simply giving condoms to anyone who asks.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/02/protecting-the-city-of-brotherly-love.htm

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Heavy Smokers Cut Back the Most When Cigarette Taxes Rise: Study

Heavy Smokers Cut Back the Most When Cigarette Taxes Rise: Study

TUESDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Boosting cigarettes taxes may cause heavy smokers to cut back more than lighter smokers, researchers have found.

The finding is surprising because it's long been believed that heavy smokers would be most resistant to cigarette price increases, said Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, a research assistant professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

She and her team looked at data from more than 7,000 smokers who were initially asked how much they smoked and then asked the same question three years later.

"On average, everyone was smoking a little less" at the three-year follow-up, Cavazos-Rehg said in a university news release. "But when we factored in price changes from tax increases, we found that the heaviest smokers responded to price increases by cutting back the most."

At the start of the study, the typical smoker averaged 16 cigarettes a day. That fell to 14 per day after three years. During that time, the average price for a pack of cigarettes increased from $3.96 in 2001 to $4.41 in 2004. Most of that increase came from state taxes.

Heavy smokers -- with a habit of more than 40 cigarettes, or two packs a day -- would have been expected to reduce their consumption by 11 cigarettes a day even without a price hike. In states where cigarette taxes rose by at least 35 percent, however, heavy smokers reduced their consumption by an average of 14 cigarettes per day.

While the heaviest smokers cut back their cigarette consumption by an average of 35 percent in response to higher taxes, smokers with a habit of 20 cigarettes, or one pack per day, cut their consumption by only 15 percent, the investigators found.

No other factors -- such as smoke-free policies -- were as influential on smoking habits as price, according to the study published online recently in the journal Tobacco Control.

But while higher taxes may prompt smokers to cut back, it would be better if they stopped smoking altogether, Cavazos-Rehg noted.

"We don't know whether there's any health benefit if they continue to smoke, even if they are smoking less. However, if reducing helps an individual to quit eventually, then the health advantage becomes clear," she said.

While the study found an association between higher cigarette taxes and reductions in cigarettes smoked, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

-- Robert Preidt

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SOURCE: Washington University School of Medicine, news release, Nov. 29, 2012




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Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=165654

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Friday, 4 January 2013

Fractures Take High Toll on High School Athletes

Fractures Take High Toll on High School Athletes

TUESDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Fractures account for about 10 percent of all injuries suffered by U.S. high school athletes, and can have a major physical, emotional and financial impact on the young competitors, according to a new study.

The findings highlight the need for fracture prevention programs in high school sports, the Ohio State University researchers said.

Researchers analyzed 2008-2009 and 2010-2011 data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System. Fracture rates were highest in boys' sports -- including football, ice hockey and lacrosse -- and boys suffered 79 percent of all fractures reported.

The most frequent fracture sites were the hand/finger, lower leg and wrist. About 17 percent of fractures led to surgery, a rate higher than all other injuries combined. Older athletes had lower fracture rates than younger athletes.

The researchers were surprised to find that a high proportion of fractures suffered by female lacrosse players were caused by player-to-player contact.

"Because girls' lacrosse is a noncontact sport we didn't expect to identify contact as the number-one cause of fractures in the sport," lead researcher David Swenson, an M.D./M.P.H. candidate at the Ohio State Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, said in an Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science news release.

"What we found was eye opening and highlighted the need for closer adherence to the rules of the game, as well as the potential for new rules like requiring protective equipment to keep these athletes safe on the field," he said.

The study was published in a recent issue of The American Journal of Sports Medicine.

"As we continue to see a rise in U.S. high school students playing sports, it's likely we will see a continued trend of increased injuries among these same athletes, including fractures," Swenson said.

"Unless we change our approach to the way these athletes are trained, players and their families will continue to be faced with the unpleasant reality of fractures, which include expensive surgeries, diagnostic testing and restricted sports participation," he added.

Nearly 8 million U.S. high school students participate in sports every year.

-- Robert Preidt

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SOURCE: Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, news release, November 2012




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Angola: Health Department Records Decrease in HIV/Aids Deaths



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Determination of the social related factors of suicide in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Background: Suicide, a social phenomenon, is a major health problem in most countries. Yet data relating to the role social factors play in the development of this condition are lacking, with some factors shrouded in greater ambiguity than others. As such, this review aimed to determine the prevalence of social-related factors resulting in suicide and to present these findings through meta-analyses, allowing for causes of heterogeneity to be examined. Methods: Scientific databases including PubMed and Science direct were searched using sensitive keywords. Two researchers reviewed the eligibility of studies and extracted data. Meta-regression with the Mantel-Haenszel method was conducted using a random effect model, in addition to subgroup analysis and Egger's test. Results: A total of 2,526 articles were retrieved through the initial search strategy, producing 20 studies from 16 provinces for analysis. The most frequent cause of attempted suicide among the 20 analyzed articles was family conflict with 32% (95% CI: 26--38). Other related factors included marital problems (26%; 95% CI: 20--33), economic constrains (12%; 95% CI: 8--15) and educational failures (5%; 95% CI: 3--8). Results of meta-regression analysis found that sample size significantly affects heterogeneity for the factor 'family conflict'. Conclusions: Social factors such as family conflicts and marital problems have a noticeable role in Iranian suicidology.

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Protecting the City of Brotherly Love

Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, is making progress at making that love safer -- at least for students who attend some of its high schools. The city is installing condom dispensers in the student health offices of 22 city schools, which cover approximately one third of the student population in the city. I applaud their decision, as providing condoms in schools has been shown to increase the proportion of young people who have safe sex - without encouraging any new teens to begin engaging in sexual activity. In other words, it's an effective and safe intervention to decrease STD and pregnancy risk among high school students, and hopefully more schools around the city, and around the nation, will follow their lead.

That said, I am forced to roll my eyes about the fact that parents can sign a form to opt-out of the program - and by doing so theoretically prevent their kids from accessing condoms in the schools. I know that such opt-out options help make condom distribution programs more palatable to school boards and administrators, but they always seem both futile and counterproductive to me. Preventing kids from easily accessing condoms isn't going to stop them from having sex. All it's going to do is make it slightly more difficult for them to do so safely. It can also, depending on how such opt-out lists are implemented, make accessing condoms slightly more difficult for everyone, since their existence means that nurses will presumably have to check whether a kid is allowed to have a condom rather than simply giving condoms to anyone who asks.



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Source: http://std.about.com/b/2013/01/02/protecting-the-city-of-brotherly-love.htm

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Thursday, 3 January 2013

Bullied Teens May Suffer Lingering Trauma

Bullied Teens May Suffer Lingering Trauma

TUESDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Bullied teenagers can develop post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, according to a new study.

The findings suggest that victims of bullying may require long-term support, said the researchers from the University of Stavanger in Norway.

They looked at almost 1,000 teens, ages 14 and 15, and found that one-third of those who said they had been bullied had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, such as intrusive memories and avoidance behavior.

Those with the worst symptoms were bullying victims who also bullied others. The researchers also found that girls were more likely to have PTSD symptoms than boys.

The study was published recently in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.

The findings are "noteworthy, but nevertheless unsurprising," study author and psychologist Thormod Idsoe said in a university news release.

"Bullying is defined as long-term physical or mental violence by an individual or a group," he explained. "It's directed at a person who's not able to defend themselves at the relevant time. We know that such experiences can leave a mark on the victim."

PTSD symptoms can create major problems for students.

"Pupils who are constantly plagued by thoughts or images of painful experiences -- and who use much energy to suppress them -- will clearly have less capacity to concentrate on schoolwork," Idsoe said. "Nor is this usually easy to observe -- they often suffer in silence."

Idsoe and his colleagues hope their study increases awareness that some bullied schoolchildren may require support even after the bullying is stopped.

"In such circumstances, adult responsibility isn't confined to stopping the bullying," he said. "It also extends to following up with the victims."

-- Robert Preidt

MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

SOURCE: University of Stavanger, news release, Nov. 27, 2012




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