charleshaas69: November 2012

A new report, on a study that included over 60,000 women, has concluded that the risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease after IUD insertion is extremely low. Furthermore, the research found that the risk is low even if women have not been pre-screened for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Instead, it appears that screening women for STDs at the time of insertion, and then promptly treating anyone who is positive, is more than sufficient.

This is great news, as it can significantly expedite the process of getting an IUD. IUDs are a highly effective form of birth control that have long been one of the most popular contraceptive methods outside the U.S.. However, uptake of the modern IUD in the U.S. was severely hampered by, largely unfounded, physician concerns about the potential that ascending infections after insertion might lead to long term fertility problems in their patients. (To be fair, this was a problem with early IUDs, but it has been fixed with more recent models.)

The upshot of America's history with and concern about IUDs is that, until very recently, it was quite difficult to get an IUD in the US, particularly if you were a woman who was unmarried and/or had never had children. Despite decades of successful, widespread use across the globe, it was only in 2011 that the American Academy of Obstetricians and Gynecologists finally acknowledged that the IUD is safe to use in young women.

Source: http://std.about.com/b/2012/11/26/pid-and-the-iud.htm

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Editor's Choice
Main Category: Stem Cell Research
Also Included In: Cardiovascular / Cardiology
Article Date: 30 Nov 2012 - 10:00 PST

A patient-safe and effective method to produce stem cells using blood has been found, raising hope that in the future, these stem cells made from a patient's own cells could be used to treat cardiovascular disease, suggests new research published in the journal Stem Cells: Translational Medicine.

The study was funded by Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (MRC), and the British Heart Foundation (BHF), and summarizes a technique for scientists to obtain the cells they need to produce induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (3) from a normal blood sample.

In earlier studies, scientists found it difficult to pinpoint an appropriate type of cell in the blood that is capable of modifying into a stem cell, and many times made iPS cells from tissues or skin, which can call for a biopsy or other surgical procedure.

A group of scientists from the University of Cambridge, led by Dr. Amer Rana, grew participants' blood in the lab and separated "late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells" (L-EPCs) to turn into iPS cells. The iPS cells can then be changed into any other cell in the body, including heart cells or blood vessel cells. These cells are used to study disease, and eventually, scientists want to grow them into tissue to fix the harm caused by circulatory and heart diseases.

Dr. Amer Rana explains:

"We are excited to have developed a practical and efficient method to create stem cells from a cell type found in blood. Tissue biopsies are undesirable, particularly for children and the elderly, whereas taking blood samples is routine for all patients. Researchers can freeze and store the blood cells, and then turn them into iPS cells at a later stage, rather than having to transform them as soon as they are sourced, as is the case for other cell types used previously. This will have tremendous practical value prolonging the 'use by date' of patient samples."

The authors point out that iPS cells have good potential for the treatment and study of cardiovascular diseases. Because iPS cells are produced from the patient's own body, they can be used to study diseases, and in the future, be able to fix harmed tissues without backlash from the body's immune system.

Having the ability to make iPS cells using blood samples can make it easier for scientists to move this technology forward. However, the authors emphasize that there are still many kinks to work out before this method becomes feasible to treat patients.

Dr Paul Colville-Nash, regenerative medicine Programme Manager at the MRC, concludes:

"iPS cell technology offers an exciting new approach to building lab-based models of disease, which can be used to understand illness and test new drugs, as well as the possibility for cell replacement therapy in the longer term. Being able to produce iPS cells from an easy to obtain source such as blood should further support the rapid progress being made in this field and enhance the application of this technology to the fight against human disease."

Written by Kelly Fitzgerald
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

Additional
References
Citations

"A Practical and Efficient Cellular Substrate for the Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adults: Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells"
Imbisaat Getia, Mark L. Ormistonb, Foad Rouhania, Mark Toshnerb, Mehregan Movassaghb, Jennifer Nicholsc, William Mansfieldc, Mark Southwoodb, Allan Bradleyd, Amer Ahmed Ranaa, Ludovic Valliera, and Nicholas W. Morrellb
Stem Cells: Translational Medicine, November 2012, doi: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0093

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Fitness on a Budget

Are you trying to find ways to make your dollar stretch a little further? You’re not alone. Unfortunately, that seems to be the economic reality of our time, but that’s no excuse to skip certain essentials. And, what could be more essential than staying fit and keeping yourself healthy? Rest easy, we’ve come up with seven surefire ways to ensure your fitness-related bills won’t be putting any unnecessary burden on your wallet.

Foot Work

Are you visiting the gas station enough to be on a first-name basis with the cashier? Are you tired of the bumper-to-bumper traffic and searching for a parking space? Some switch to public transportation, but often that leads to another problem: Being crammed into a confined area with a few people who seemingly haven’t bathed in a week. Fortunately, there’s still one more option to explore: Using your feet. Bike, jog, or walk to work and you won’t have any of these costly worries, but you will be reaping the rewards of quality cardio time. And, as an added bonus, it’s free!

[see: Walk Off the Pounds]

[see: Top 25 Ways to Get Leaner, Faster - Walk More, Drive Less]

Buying in Bulk

Let’s face it: there are some things you know you’re always going to need, so buy smart. Read the circulars for the latest sales. Whether it’s buying oatmeal in larger quantities, larger cans of water-packed tuna, or choosing the sale priced family value pack of extra lean ground beef and storing it in the freezer, usually the greater the size, the more the savings. Just don’t go so far as to mimic Cosmo Kramer and have such a great overabundance that you’re feeding pets your excess foods.

[see: 9 Foods for Effective Clean-Bulking]

Water Works

If you’re serious about your health, your go-to drink is water. Some people prefer bottled water, while others like filtered water. If you’re on a budget, however, depending on where you live, your best bet is likely tap water. It’s much cheaper than either of the alternatives, and in most areas the quality of water rivals the other options. Research the quality of the tap water in your area. By simply omitting the cost of bottled or filtered water, you may find you’re saving as much as $100 per month.

[see: What You Need To Know About H2O]

[see: 5 Reasons to Never Neglect Water]

Free Video Streaming

Remember that late night DVD infomercial that promised to have all the answers to your fitness questions? Don’t be an impulse buyer. Use Google and remember to click on the link dedicated to videos. If the video’s popular enough, someone is bound to have put up a longer clip on YouTube or Dailymotion and those precious few more moments could mean the difference between a $20 must buy or must miss. Bonus: After you’ve seen that video, there’ll be other video links on that same site that may be even more insightful.

PAGE TWO: 3 More Ways To Stay On-Budget >>>

Source: http://www.mensfitness.com/training/pro-tips/fitness-on-a-budget

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Getting With The Program

Years after the CDC first recommended universal HIV testing, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) is finally getting with the program. They've recently released a draft recommendation suggesting that all American adolescents and adults between the ages of 15 and 65 should get tested for HIV, as should all pregnant women, and younger and older people if they are at high risk. As currently formulated, it is a Grade A recommendation, which means that there is good evidence that the recommendation is effective... and that medical providers should routinely do as it says.

I say, "Hallelujah! It's about time." There is, as the recommendation suggests, excellent evidence for the utility of widespread HIV testing. Although it is not possible to cure the virus, early, effective treatment can largely prevent many of the negative outcomes of HIV infection. In addition, combination antiretroviral treatment can also reduce the likelihood that an infected person will transmit their virus to their sexual partners. That means that testing doesn't only help the infected stay healthier for longer, it helps the uninfected stay that way.

From both an individual and a public health standpoint, HIV testing is most effective when it is done in a way that allows doctors to catch and treat new infections as early as possible, while they are still asymptomatic. The only way to accomplish that on a widespread basis is to make HIV testing a routine procedure for all adults. A USPSTF recommendation is an important step in making that happen.

Note: The comment period on the recommendation is open until December 17. You can read the full draft of the recommendation, or comment, at the USPSTF website.

Source: http://std.about.com/b/2012/11/28/getting-with-the-program.htm

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Supplements of Red Wine Antioxidant Don't Help Obese Men

By Denise Mann
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Despite showing early promise in some animal studies, supplements of resveratrol, an antioxidant found aplenty in red wine, did not improve insulin sensitivity or heart health in obese men, a small trial found.

Researchers found no difference in insulin sensitivity -- the measure of how well the body uses the hormone insulin -- in 24 obese but otherwise healthy men who took daily 1,500-milligram doses of resveratrol compared to other men who took an inactive placebo for four weeks.

Nor were there any changes in other signs of heart health, including blood pressure, levels of blood fats called triglycerides and other fats.

The study, led by Dr. Morten Poulsen at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, appears online Nov. 28 in the journal Diabetes.

Dr. Vivian Fonseca, president of medicine and science for the American Diabetes Association, said he is not surprised that the study did not show any benefits associated with the resveratrol supplements.

"People who drink red wine and do so in moderation may have healthy lifestyles that may allow them to live longer and decrease their insulin sensitivity, but putting it into a pill doesn't solve the problem for people who live unhealthy lives, like the men in the study," Fonseca said. "I think some of the initial animal studies on resveratrol were hyped far more than they should have been and this study should put all of that to rest."

Dr. John Buse, a professor of medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, agreed. "It is nice to see the lack of efficacy so elegantly demonstrated," he said. "There cannot be much question remaining at this point."

People at risk for diabetes can take preventive measures, he noted. "The most important thing is to be screened for diabetes if you are at risk," Buse said. This includes everyone older than 45 and younger people who are overweight.

"To reduce the risk of diabetes, reduce calorie intake with an aim to reduce weight by 5 to 10 percent and increase physical activity to at least 30 minutes at least five days a week," Buse advised. "That reduces diabetes risk by about 60 percent over three years."

For her part, Dr. Tara Narula, associate director of cardiac care at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, said, "People are always looking for a one-stop, easy cure-all supplement or quick fix, but the things that work require work."

While these supplements may not stack up, moderate alcohol consumption may have some health benefit, Narula said. "If you are going to drink, red wine is the one that I recommend because there is a potential benefit from compounds in the wine itself," she added.

That's good advice, said Dr. Howard Weintraub, a cardiologist at NYU Langone Medical Center. "There are benefits within the wine that extend beyond the resveratrol, and part of it may be because alcohol helps improve good cholesterol," he said. "If you enjoy red wine, a glass or two a day may be beneficial." But, he cautioned, just because a glass or two can be good for you doesn't mean that more is better.

SOURCES: Tara Narula, M.D., associate director, cardiac care, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City; Howard Weintraub, M.D., cardiologist, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Vivian Fonseca, M.D., president, medicine and science, American Diabetes Association; John Buse, M.D., professor, medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.; Nov. 28, 2012, Diabetes, online

Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=165447

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Enhancing self-regulation as a strategy for obesity prevention in head start preschoolers: the growing healthy study

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Background: Nearly one in five 4-year-old children in the United States are obese, with low-income children almost twice as likely to be obese as their middle/upper-income peers. Few obesity prevention programs for low-income preschoolers and their parents have been rigorously tested, and effects are modest. We are testing a novel obesity prevention program for low-income preschoolers built on the premise that children who are better able to self-regulate in the face of psychosocial stressors may be less likely to eat impulsively in response to stress. Enhancing behavioral self-regulation skills in low-income children may be a unique and important intervention approach to prevent childhood obesity. Methods: The Growing Healthy study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating two obesity prevention interventions in 600 low-income preschoolers attending Head Start, a federally-funded preschool program for low-income children. Interventions are delivered by community-based, nutrition-education staff partnering with Head Start. The first intervention (n = 200), Preschool Obesity Prevention Series (POPS), addresses evidence-based obesity prevention behaviors for preschool-aged children and their parents. The second intervention (n = 200) comprises POPS in combination with the Incredible Years Series (IYS), an evidence-based approach to improving self-regulation among preschool-aged children. The comparison condition (n = 200) is Usual Head Start Exposure. We hypothesize that POPS will yield positive effects compared to Usual Head Start, and that the combined intervention (POPS + IYS) addressing behaviors well-known to be associated with obesity risk, as well as self-regulatory capacity, will be most effective in preventing excessive increases in child adiposity indices (body mass index, skinfold thickness). We will evaluate additional child outcomes using parent and teacher reports and direct assessments of food-related self-regulation. We will also gather process data on intervention implementation, including fidelity, attendance, engagement, and satisfaction.DiscussionThe Growing Healthy study will shed light on associations between self-regulation skills and obesity risk in low-income preschoolers. If the project is effective in preventing obesity, results can also provide critical insights into how best to deliver obesity prevention programming to parents and children in a community-based setting like Head Start in order to promote better health among at-risk children.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01398358

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Source: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/1040

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5 Things You Should Never Say to a Woman in Bed

Whether it’s your wife of five years or a chick you just met at a bar, sex is an incredibly intimate experience—especially for the woman. So when you’re in the bedroom (or elsewhere...you rebel, you), it’s important to avoid unnecessary commentary that could ruin the mood, or worse— make her not want to sleep with you again. From discussing your sexual repertoire to assessing her orgasm, here are five subjects to stay away from during sex.

1. “Not like that.”
Remember in grade school when you were taught to give “constructive criticism?” This does not apply to your lady in the bedroom. “It’s not very sexy or encouraging to be told our skills are subpar in the heat of the moment,” says Amy Levine, sex coach and founder of Ignite Your Pleasure. “You should always frame it in the positive by talking about what you do like. How we say things to each other can make a huge difference in performance and sexual confidence.”
Also avoid: “What are you doing?”

2. “My ex used to love it when I...”
All women are different, so don’t lean heavily on past experiences—and definitely don’t discuss it. “Besides, who’s to say that the previous women didn’t fake their pleasure just to get you to finish quicker?” Levine says. ZING! Aside from that, Sexologist Gloria Brame, Ph.D. points out that “talking about your prior sexual encounters can drive a woman completely crazy—and not in a good way. She doesn’t need to hear about it, and if you bring it up, she’ll feel threatened and jealous. For a lot of women, that’s a dealbreaker.”
Also avoid: “Let’s try this position that I did one time with...”

Source: http://www.mensfitness.com/women/sex-tips/5-things-you-should-never-say-to-a-woman-in-bed

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Getting With The Program

Note: The comment period on the recommendation is open until December 17. You can read the full draft of the recommendation, or comment, at the USPSTF website.

Source: http://std.about.com/b/2012/11/28/getting-with-the-program.htm

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Thursday, 29 November 2012

Workout Finisher: Full Body Resistance-Free Burn Outs

If you're wrapping up your workout but still have gas left in the tank, want to make sure you've given it your all or even want to boost your muscular and cardio endurance - it's time for a solid finisher.

The following finisher is a bodyweight workout that will target the entire body and challenge yourself four different ways for each movement.

THE WORKOUT

LEGS

Movement: Squat/Air Squat

1. Perform as many reps of air squats as possible without breaking a consistent tempo - any pauses - you're done.
* Rest 15 seconds

2. Perform as many reps as possible, but this time lower yourself into the squat at a pace of 3-4 seconds then explode up.
* Rest 15 seconds

3. Perform as many reps as possible, this time lower yourself quickly and slowly come out of the squat at a pace of 3-4 seconds.
* Rest 15 seconds

4. Hold yourself in the lower squat position for as long as you can.
* Rest 15 seconds and move to the next movement.

Want more than a finisher? Try this full leg workout

[see: The 2-in-1 Kettlebell Leg Workout]

CHEST

Movement: Push Ups

1. Perform as many reps as possible without breaking a consistent tempo - any pauses - you're done.
* Rest 15 seconds

2. Perform as many reps as possible, but this time lower yourself into the press at a pace of 3-4 seconds then explode up.
* Rest 15 seconds

3. Perform as many reps as possible, this time lower yourself quickly and slowly come out of the press at a pace of 3-4 seconds.
* Rest 15 seconds

4. Hold yourself with your chest 1-2 inches off the ground for as long as you can.
* Rest 15 seconds and move to the next movement.

Want more than a finisher? Try this full chest routine.

[see: The 15-Minute Chest Workout]

BACK

Movement: Pull Ups

1. Perform as many reps as possible without breaking a consistent tempo - any pauses - you're done.
* Rest 15 seconds

2. Perform as many reps as possible, but this time lower yourself from the bar at a pace of 3-4 seconds then explode up.
* Rest 15 seconds

3. Perform as many reps as possible, this time lower yourself quickly and slowly pull up to the bar at a pace of 3-4 seconds.
* Rest 15 seconds

4. Hold yourself at approx. the mid-position of the pull up for as long as you can.
* Rest 15 seconds and move to the next movement.

Want more than a finisher? Try this full back routine.

[see: Time Crunch Training: 10-Minute Back Blast]

CORE/ABS

Movement: Hanging Knee Raise

1. Perform as many reps as possible without breaking a consistent tempo - any pauses - you're done.
* Rest 15 seconds

2. Perform as many reps as possible, but this time lower your knees a pace of 3-4 seconds then explode up. [keep spine neutral so core is always engaged]
* Rest 15 seconds

3. Perform as many reps as possible, this time lower yourself quickly and slowly pull your knees up at a pace of 3-4 seconds. [keep spine neutral so core is always engaged]
* Rest 15 seconds

4. Hold your knees at the top position for as long as you can.
* Rest 15 seconds and move to the next movement.

Want more than a finisher? Try this full ab/core routine.

[see: Get That: The Abdominal V]

Source: http://www.mensfitness.com/training/lose-weight/workout-finisher-full-body-resistance-free-burn-outs

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Heart Failure Drugs Put to the Test

By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, Nov. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Two new studies examine the effectiveness of medications frequently prescribed for heart failure -- the heart's inability to pump blood properly throughout the body.

For the 5.7 million Americans who suffer from heart failure, shortness of breath and edema (excessive water retention) can hinder normal activities. Advances in medication have dramatically changed the lives of some patients, but the question facing cardiologists is: What drugs should they prescribe for this difficult-to-treat condition?

"Treatment can be difficult because of low blood pressure or kidney disease," said study lead author Dr. Adrian Hernandez. "Other conditions such as depression make it harder for patients to adhere to their medications." And patients with heart failure "are at high risk for mortality or hospitalization for worsening heart failure," he explained. (About 55,000 die of heart failure each year.)

The two studies are published in the Nov. 28 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

One of the new studies looks at the effectiveness of aldosterone antagonists for heart failure patients who have what's called "reduced ejection fraction," which means they have a particularly poor prognosis.

Patients with this condition make up about 40 percent to 50 percent of those with heart failure, said Dr. Justin Ezekowitz, an associate professor with the University of Alberta, Canada, who was not involved with the study.

Aldosterone antagonists are diuretics that help the body get rid of excess water. They include eplerenone (Inspra) and spironolactone (Aldactone).

The new study provides "the real world" perspective on aldosterone antagonists, said Hernandez, an associate professor of medicine at Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, N.C.

The study of 5,887 patients, average age 78, found that those who took the drugs after hospital discharge were 13 percent less likely than those not taking the drugs to be readmitted to the hospital for heart failure within three years. However, among this elderly population the drug didn't appear to improve their risk of death or readmission for heart problems in general.

"These drugs look like they're useful, but we have to be careful before prescribing these medications in a general group of patients," said Ezekowitz. "At this point, we haven't shown that you absolutely should start these drugs."

Those who take these drugs face a risk of high potassium levels and should have their potassium and kidney function monitored, Ezekowitz said.

The other study examined drugs known as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and angiotensin receptor blockers for treating heart failure patients with so-called "preserved ejection fraction." This means their hearts seem to pump properly, at least judging by screening tests, but they're still weaker than they should be, Ezekowitz said.

ACE inhibitors, such as captopril (Capoten) and enalapril (Vasotec), are commonly used to treat high blood pressure. So are angiotensin receptor blockers, such as telmisartan (Micardis) and eprosartan (Teveten).

For the study, the researchers used a Swedish registry to identify more than 16,200 patients, average age 75, and treated about 12,500 of them. In one analysis, the researchers found the risk of death from all causes over a year fell by about 20 percent among patients who took the drugs, but the study authors said more research is needed to confirm the results. (About a quarter of patients died.)

Overall, Ezekowitz said, the evidence so far supports prescribing the drugs in the two studies as first-line treatments in heart failure patients with complicating conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. But in general, he said, "we haven't shown you absolutely should start these drugs."

The drugs in the two studies are relatively inexpensive, he noted.

SOURCES: Justin A. Ezekowitz, MBBCh, assistant professor, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Adrian F. Hernandez, M.D., associate professor of medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N.C.; Nov. 28, 2012, Journal of the American Medical Association

Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=165414

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Methods for environmental change; an exploratory study

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Background: While the interest of health promotion researchers in change methods directed at the target population has a long tradition, interest in change methods directed at the environment is still developing. In this survey, the focus is on methods for environmental change; especially about how these are composed of methods for individual change ('Bundling') and how within one environmental level, organizations, methods differ when directed at the management ('At') or applied by the management ('From'). Methods: The first part of this online survey dealt with examining the 'bundling' of individual level methods to methods at the environmental level. The question asked was to what extent the use of an environmental level method would involve the use of certain individual level methods. In the second part of the survey the question was whether there are differences between applying methods directed 'at' an organization (for instance, by a health promoter) versus 'from' within an organization itself. All of the 20 respondents are experts in the field of health promotion. Results: Methods at the individual level are frequently bundled together as part of a method at a higher ecological level. A number of individual level methods are popular as part of most of the environmental level methods, while others are not chosen very often. Interventions directed at environmental agents often have a strong focus on the motivational part of behavior change.There are different approaches targeting a level or being targeted from a level. The health promoter will use combinations of motivation and facilitation. The manager will use individual level change methods focusing on self-efficacy and skills. Respondents think that any method may be used under the right circumstances, although few endorsed coercive methods. Conclusions: Taxonomies of theoretical change methods for environmental change should include combinations of individual level methods that may be bundled and separate suggestions for methods targeting a level or being targeted from a level. Future research needs to cover more methods to rate and to be rated. Qualitative data may explain some of the surprising outcomes, such as the lack of large differences and the avoidance of coercion. Taxonomies should include the theoretical parameters that limit the effectiveness of the method.

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Source: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/1037

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Is Jason Segel Believable as a Personal Trainer?

Who remembers Jason Segel’s character from Knocked Up? Yeah, that’s okay. He wasn’t all that memorable, aside from a maybe-marginally-funny pinkeye scene and a slightly inappropriate crush on Alison’s (played by Katherine Heigl) older sister, Debbie.

But there’s a new Judd Apatow movie on-deck, which we guess you’d describe as a spin-off to Knocked Up. It focuses on Debbie (Leslie Mann) and her sorta-shithead husband, Pete (Paul Rudd)—and Segel’s character is back as well, having evolved into a personal trainer with a newly minted “Body By Jason” business. Yes. For real. Are you excited yet?

Check out this on-set featurette video, released by the studio this week, to see Jason in action. (Personally, we started laughing out loud right around 1:56. “Everything you need is inside of you!” Just watch. You’ll see.)

This is 40 hits theaters December 21.

Source: http://www.mensfitness.com/leisure/entertainment/jason-segel-this-is-40

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Smoking in Pregnancy Tied to Poor Reading Skills in Kids: Study

TUESDAY, Nov. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Children whose mothers smoked one or more packs of cigarettes a day during pregnancy have poorer reading skills than other children, a new study finds.

Researchers analyzed data from more than 5,000 children in the United Kingdom, and compared their scores on a series of tests assessing how accurately a child reads aloud and comprehends what he or she reads. The children were tested at ages 7 and 9.

On average, children whose mothers smoked at least one pack of cigarettes a day during pregnancy scored 21 percent lower on the tests than children born to nonsmoking mothers, according to the study published this month in the Journal of Pediatrics.

In a class of 31 students with similar backgrounds and education, a child of a mother who smokes will rank an average of seven places lower in reading accuracy and comprehension ability than a child of a nonsmoking mother, the researchers concluded.

"It's not a little difference -- it's a big difference in accuracy and comprehension at a critical time when children are being assessed, and are getting a sense of what it means to be successful," study author Dr. Jeffrey Gruen, a professor of pediatrics and genetics at Yale School of Medicine, said in a Yale news release.

The effects of smoking during pregnancy are especially strong in children with an underlying speech disorder, which suggests an interaction between nicotine exposure in the womb and a highly heritable trait such as speech ability, Gruen added.

The study found an association between maternal smoking and children's reading skills, but it didn't prove cause-and-effect.

-- Robert Preidt

SOURCE: Yale University, news release, Nov. 19, 2012

Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=165412

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Diabetic Wound Healing Accelerated By Topical Simvastatin

Main Category: Diabetes
Also Included In: Dermatology; Statins
Article Date: 29 Nov 2012 - 1:00 PST

Delayed wound healing is a major complication of diabetes because the physiological changes in tissues and cells impair the wound healing process. This can result in additional disease outcomes such as diabetic foot ulcer, a significant cause of morbidity in the growing population of diabetic patients. A new study has found that topically applied simvastatin accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice, suggesting important implications for humans with diabetes. This study is published in the December issue of The American Journal of Pathology.

The research was performed by scientists at the Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology of Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; the Department of Dermatology at Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Shiseido Innovative Scientific Research Center, Yamamoto, Japan.

"We know that there are several factors involved in delayed wound healing in diabetes," says lead investigator Jun Asai, MD, PhD. "These factors include more rapid apoptosis (cell death) and reduced angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels). Impaired lymphangiogenesis, or formation of new lymphatic vessels, has also recently been established as a major factor."

Recent studies have shown that statins have uses beyond their cholesterol-lowering effects and can stimulate the growth of new blood vessels when used systemically. This study tested whether topical application of simvastatin could promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. An advantage of topical application is that a suitable concentration of simvastatin can be applied without risk of serious systemic effects such as kidney damage.

The investigators generated a full-thickness skin wound on the backs of diabetic mice. Each wound was treated with a topical application of either simvastatin in petroleum jelly or petroleum jelly alone. The application was repeated on days four, seven, and ten.

After two weeks, the simvastatin-treated wounds were more than 90% healed, whereas less than 80% were healed in the wounds treated by petroleum jelly alone. The difference in wound closure was greatest on day seven when the simvastatin-treated wounds were 79.26% healed compared with 52.45% in the control group.

"Our results suggested to us that the mechanisms underlying the lymphangiogenic effects of simvastatin in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) might be similar to those for angiogenic effects," comments Dr Asai. "However, contrary to our expectation, simvastatin did not promote proliferation of human LECs in vitro. We therefore investigated other possible sources of lymphangiogenic factors."

Earlier reports suggested that infiltrating macrophages contribute to lymphangiogenesis as the major producer of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in cutaneous wound healing. In this study, the number of infiltrating macrophages in granulation tissue was significantly increased by topical application of simvastatin, and most of these macrophages produced VEGF-C.

"This study shows that topical simvastatin significantly accelerates wound recovery by increasing both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Our observations suggest that the favorable effects of simvastatin on lymphangiogenesis are due both to a direct influence on lymphatics and indirect effects via macrophages homing to the wound. This is a simple strategy that may have significant therapeutic potential for enhancing wound healing in patients with impaired microcirculation, such as that in diabetes. Further investigation is needed to determine its clinical utility", concludes Dr Asai.

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Friday, 30 November 2012

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