There have been some studies suggesting that tenofovir gel may be able to prevent HIV transmission during vaginal intercourse. However, the current formulation isn't necessarily appropriate for use during anal sex. The cells which line the rectum are very different from the ones in the vagina. There's a possibility that the current gel could damage rectal cells and actually make users more susceptible to HIV.
In order to deal with this possibility, scientists have been testing a new formulation of the gel for rectal use. Early studies look promising. Hopefully the positive results will continue when the product moves into Phase II trials in the near future. The trial currently in the works is planning to compare the efficacy of the gel with the efficacy of taking daily Truvada PreP. Participants will be randomized to either use the gel daily or only apply it before and after anal sex. Hopefully that design will not only establish that the gel works, but the best way to use it.
Source: http://std.about.com/b/2012/06/04/developing-a-rectal-microbicide.htm
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